We will try to collect the necessary measures, classified by the scope of the same, so the employer can guarantee job security in their activity. At work, can affect health in many ways and all are important. It can cause damage as a result of workload, whether physical or mental disability, and in general, psychosocial and organizational factors can generate fatigue, stress, job dissatisfaction, and so on. To act on them with the tools we Ergonomics and Psychology applied to prevention of occupational hazards.
The diseases resulting from work undertaken and which are not included in this table will be considered, for legal purposes, such as accidents.
From the technical point of view of prophylaxis, there is talk of work-related illnesses, no occupational disease, meaning, that slow and gradual deterioration of the health of workers, produced by chronic exposure to adverse situations, whether produced by the environment it develops the work or the way it is organized.
Industrial Hygiene is the technique that will help prevent the onset of diseases, studying, evaluating and changing the physical environment, chemical or biological work.
The latter type of damage as a result of the materialisation of risks is the accident. It is the most immediate and obvious indicator of poor working conditions and because of their frequency and severity, and the fight against accidents is the first step in any preventive activity. A basic difference compared to the occupational disease would be in the production rate of damage.
Occupational accident is defined as “any bodily injury that the worker suffers during or as a result of work performed as an employee. This definition includes both injuries occurring in the workplace as those produced in the usual way between it and the workers’ homes. The latter would be called accidents “in itinere”.
From a technical standpoint preventive understand accidents at work every event abnormal, unloved and unwanted, which occurs abruptly and unexpectedly and usually avoidable, which disrupts the continuity of work and can cause injury to people.
Safety at work is a set of techniques and procedures that are intended to eliminate or reduce the risk of the occurrence of accidents.
Security Techniques
Can be classified in different ways, but if we take as reference point the time of the accident, we can establish two groups.
The active techniques are those who plan prevention before the accident occurred. This will identify, in principle, the dangers in the workplace and then try to assess the risks and controlled by technical and organizational settings.
Among these techniques we can find, for example, risk assessment and safety inspections, among others.
Risk assessment is a process by which we obtain the information necessary for the organization to be able to make an appropriate decision on the appropriateness of adopting preventive measures and, if so, the type of actions to be taken.
This evaluation is being carried out, first a qualitative analysis of risks, to identify and discover the risks in a particular job and then a quantitative analysis whose ultimate goal is to assign a value to the danger of these risks so that can compare and rank each by importance.
The safety inspection is basically an analysis made by direct observation and orderly, facilities and production processes for assessing risks of accidents there.
Reactive techniques are techniques that operate after the accident has occurred and try to determine the causes of conflict and later proposing and implementing control measures, to prevent people from returning to produce. These include accident investigation and statistical control of the accident.
The accident investigation has as starting point the accident itself, and can be defined as the technique used for in-depth analysis of an industrial accident occurred, to document the progress of events and determine why they happened.
The detailed record of the accident is a valuable source of information that is appropriate to exploit, which is important for a number of data concerning themselves and their environment are recorded for subsequent statistical analysis provide valuable insight into the accident and comparatively circumstances between sections, companies and productive sectors.
